Ashok Sharma
ashoksharma23may@gmail.com
Name of the Book:Saraz- Lok Aur Parampara
Author: Prof Shiv Nirmohi
Publisher: Sahitya Sangam Publications,Kachi Chawni Jammu
Year of Publication:2025
Price: Rs 200.00
Saraz – Lok Aur Parampara, written by the eminent writer and Padma Shri awardee Prof. Shiv Nirmohi, is a valuable addition to the literature on the lesser-known cultural regions of Jammu and Kashmir. The book is a comprehensive micro-study of the Saraz region, a mountainous belt largely falling in Doda and Ramban districts. Prof.Nirmohi, known for his meticulous documentation of folk traditions, once again demonstrates his command over field research, oral narratives and cultural geography.
The book begins by describing Saraz as a hilly expanse stretching roughly 50 -60 kilometres in length and about 20-25 kilometres in width. Saraz comprises 55 villages in District Doda and 22 villages in District Ramban. The terrain is rugged and the settlements scattered across mountains and valleys. Yet this geographical isolation, as the book makes clear, has also helped preserve the customs, languages and folk beliefs that make Saraz culturally distinct. Nirmohi offers readers a detailed introduction to this often-overlooked region, enabling a better appreciation of its history and people.
One of the most striking features of the book is the way the author explores the origin of the term ‘Saraz’.Drawing from local traditions and linguistic evolution, Nirmohi explains that the region acquired this name because of the fiercely independent nature of its people. Historically, the inhabitants of Saraz preferred self-rule and resisted external authority. Each village had its own local ruler and the collective sentiment leaned strongly towards autonomy. The word ‘Swaraj,’ symbolising self-governance, is believed to have gradually transformed into ‘Saraz,’giving the region not just a name but a cultural identity tied to freedom, dignity and self-respect.
Nirmohi devotes considerable attention to the demographic and social composition of Saraz. While many villages such as Jaipur, Rajgarh and Udaypur bear names that echo cities of Rajasthan, suggesting migration from the west, the region has always been home to a diverse mix of communities. The earliest inhabitants include groups such as the Pishach, Naag-Naad, Gain, Dhaki and Horki- names that evoke deep historical and mythological associations. With time, Rajputs arrived, accompanied by communities like the Gaddi, Bhagat, Ramdasiyas and Mahashas. The presence of Brahmins, Gourias, Kashmiri Muslims, Gujjars, Yogis and Sikhs contributes to a rich social tapestry that the author documents with sensitivity. The book makes it evident that the cultural identity of Saraz has evolved through centuries of interaction among tribal, pastoral, agricultural and martial communities.
The historical account, though brief, provides essential context. The region has seen various rulers, from the ancient Nag Kings to the Khas, Ranas, Rajputs and Thakurs. The kings of Kishtwar attempted to expand their influence here but repeatedly encountered resistance from the native populations. It was only in 1821, under the campaigns of General Zorawar Singh, that the region was finally brought under structured external rule. The author’s ability to summarise complex historical transitions in simple, engaging language is noteworthy, making the book accessible even to non-academic readers.
What truly gives the book its charm is the portrayal of the everyday life of the Sarazi people. The author describes them as brave, hospitable, hardworking and truthful-traits that have long been associated with mountain communities. Their occupations largely revolve around agriculture, cattle rearing, small-scale trade and government service. The book offers interesting insights into their cuisine, which includes traditional items such as Gulbani, Namkeen Chai, Badi,local vegetables and cornflour dishes. Through these details, Nirmohi paints a vivid picture of life in the mountains, where simplicity coexists with cultural richness.
Entertainment and social life in Saraz centre around folk traditions such as Kud dance, Chhinj and various local fairs. These events are much more than recreational gatherings; they serve as spaces for cultural expression, community bonding and inter-village interaction. The book underlines how such festivities have helped preserve oral traditions, folk dance forms and regional identity across generations. The list of local deities worshipped in Saraz is extensive and revealing. From Leet Devta, Kaider Devta and Gursal Devta to Pipern Devta, Traman Devta, Aasar Devta, Shankhpal, Satinag, Balinag and several forms of Mata worship, the region’s religious landscape is deeply rooted in nature worship and ancient belief systems. The reverence for these deities reflects the people’s spiritual connection with their environment, forests, water sources and ancestral heritage.
Language is another key area that the author emphasises in this book. The mother tongue of the people, Sirazi, possesses a vast reservoir of folk songs, proverbs, stories and oral literature. The book provides an introduction to prominent Sirazi poets whose works form an integral part of the region’s cultural identity. By highlighting its literary richness, Nirmohi helps bring Sirazi into the cultural spotlight it deserves.
Architecturally, Saraz is known for its forts, palaces and traditional structures, though many have suffered neglect over time. The Gajpat Fort receives particular attention for its historical and archaeological value. The author also mentions several scenic spots-Lalpramon, Deesa Valley, Barshala, Jodhpur, Kuddhar, Udhaypur, Kastugarh, Kastigarh, Rajgarh, Lakka and Kethi.
Nirmohi also delves deep into social customs, ceremonies and rituals associated with birth, marriage and festivals. These sections reveal how traditional practices have endured, often with very little change, despite modern influences. The detailed descriptions of costumes and ornaments add another layer of cultural depth, helping readers visualise the aesthetic sensibilities of the people.
Overall, Saraz – Lok Aur Parampara is both a documentation of the rich and vibrant culture of Saraz.It preserves the stories, practices and memories of a region that rarely receives scholarly attention. The writing is simple yet engaging, scholarly yet accessible. For libraries, researchers, students of culture and anyone interested in the anthropological and sociological diversity of Jammu and Kashmir, this book is a must-have. It fills a long-standing gap in regional studies and brings Saraz onto the cultural map of the Union Territory in a meaningful way. Prof. Shiv Nirmohi once again proves why he is regarded as one of the most authoritative voices on the folk life of Jammu.
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